![]() ![]() ![]() Although several studies showed clinical improvement, a specific reduction in hallucination severity has never been demonstrated. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is considered a last resort for treatment-resistant psychosis. Consequently, TMS currently has the status of a potentially useful treatment method for auditory hallucinations, but only in combination with state of the art antipsychotic treatment. Several meta-analyses found significantly better symptom reduction for low-frequency repetitive TMS as compared with placebo. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is capable of reducing the frequency and severity of auditory hallucinations. CBT aims at reducing the emotional distress associated with auditory hallucinations and develops new coping strategies. The auditory hallucinations were assessed with the Auditory Hallucination Rating Scale (AHRS) (Hoffman et al., 2003), the Hallucination item P3 of the Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) (Kay et al., 1987 SR et al., 1987), or the Hallucination Change Scale (HCS) (Hoffman et al., 1999b, a). Many studies have also revealed that antipsychotics. The success of CBT depends on the reduction of catastrophic appraisals, thereby reducing the concurrent anxiety and distress. A quarter of people with psychotic conditions experience persistent auditory verbal hallucinations, despite treatment. Previous studies have shown that antipsychotics can normalize the abnormal functional connectivity in patients with schizophrenia, 43 45 and some functional connectivity alterations have been correlated with positive symptoms, such as auditory hallucinations, after antipsychotic treatment. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) can be applied as an augmentation to antipsychotic medication. Depot medication should be considered for all patients because nonadherence is high. auditory hallucination: hah-loos-na´shun a sensory impression (sight, touch, sound, smell, or taste) that has no basis in external stimulation. For relapse prevention, medication should be continued in the same dose. Blood levels should be above 350-450 μg/ml for maximal effect. Clozapine is the drug of choice for patients who are resistant to 2 antipsychotic agents. 32 Altmetric Metrics Abstract Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) have traditionally been thought to be outside the influence of conscious control. If the drug of first choice provides inadequate improvement, it is probably best to switch medication after 2-4 weeks of treatment. Olanzapine, amisulpride, ziprasidone, and quetiapine are equally effective against hallucinations, but haloperidol may be slightly inferior. Only 8% of first-episode patients still experience mild to moderate hallucinations after continuing medication for 1 year. The first treatment option for hallucinations in schizophrenia is antipsychotic medication, which can induce a rapid decrease in severity. This article reviews the treatment of hallucinations in schizophrenia. ![]()
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